Vertical Curves
 Grading
 The Shape Of A Vertical
    Curve
 Properties Of A Parabola
 Highest (Or Lowest Point)
    On A Crest Curve
 Lengths Of Vertical
    Curves
 Centrifugal Effects
 Sight Distance
 Setting Out Vertical
    Curves
 Example

Vertical Curves

Introduction

Vertical curves are required at the intersection of different road/rail gradients. They are placed so that the rate of change of vertical accelleration is gradual (for safety and comfort) and so that oncoming vehicles are visible for a safe distance. Curves may be convex (summit) or concave (valley or sag). The requirements to be met by a vertical curve are:

1. constant change of gradient;

2. uniform rate of increase of centrifugal force;

3. adequate sighting distances.